The tau proteins （abbreviated from tubulin associated unit） are a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the gene MAPT （microtubule-associated protein tau）. They have roles primarily in maintaining the stability of microtubules in axons and are abundant in the neurons of the central nervous system （CNS）, where the cerebral cortex has the highest abundance. Hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein （tau inclusions, pTau） can result in the self-assembly of tangles of paired helical filaments and straight filaments, which are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and other tauopathies.