結構形式

      柱塞泵分為軸向柱塞泵和徑向柱塞泵兩種代表性的結構形式；柱塞缸由于徑向柱塞泵屬于一種新型的技術含量比較高的高效泵，隨著國產化的不斷加快，徑向柱塞泵必然會成為柱塞泵應用領域的重要組成部分。

      軸向柱塞泵是利用與傳動軸平行的柱塞在柱塞孔內往復運動所產生的容積變化來進行工作的。由于柱塞和柱塞孔都是圓形零件，加工時可以達到很高的精度配合，因此具有容積效率高，運轉平穩，流量均勻性好，噪聲低，工作壓力高等優點，但對液壓油的污染較敏感，結構較復雜，造價較高。

      柱塞泵的泵油機構包括兩套精密偶件：柱塞+柱塞套構成柱塞偶件、出油閥和出油閥座構成出油閥偶件

      柱塞和柱塞套是一對精密偶件，經配對研磨后不能互換，要求有高的精度和光潔度和好的耐磨性，其徑向間隙為0.002～0.003mm

      柱塞頭部圓柱面上切有斜槽，并通過徑向孔、軸向孔與頂部相通，其目的是改變循環供油量；柱塞套上制有進、回油孔，均與泵上體內低壓油腔相通，柱塞套裝入泵上體后，應用定位螺釘定位。

      柱塞頭部斜槽的位置不同，改變供油量的方法也不同。

      出油閥和出油閥座也是一對精密偶件，配對研磨后不能互換，其配合間隙為0.01mm 。

      出油閥是一個單向閥，在彈簧壓力作用下，閥上部圓錐面與閥座嚴密配合，其作用是在停供時，將高壓油管與柱塞上端空腔隔絕，防止高壓油管內的油倒流入噴油泵內。

      出油閥的下部呈十字斷面，既能導向，又能通過柴油。出油閥的錐面下有一個小的圓柱面，稱為減壓環帶，其作用是在供油終了時，使高壓油管內的油壓迅速下降，避免噴孔處產生滴油現象。當環帶落入閥座內時則使上方容積很快增大，壓力迅速減小，停噴迅速。

德國力士樂柱塞泵型號：

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