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同人體血液黏度相匹配的純血流類似物在血管模擬器內(nèi)流動(dòng)，可模擬人人體血管內(nèi)器件、微血管網(wǎng)和導(dǎo)管的摩擦系數(shù)。血流類似物可經(jīng)加熱器迅速升溫到體溫（37°C）。此外，該大腦血管結(jié)構(gòu)坐落在填充有模仿腦軟細(xì)胞組織凝膠的聚氨酯“頭"部。結(jié)果，微血管網(wǎng)和導(dǎo)管進(jìn)入腦血管結(jié)構(gòu)中以可視化臨床形式模擬矯直血管。模擬系統(tǒng)是通過(guò)藍(lán)牙連接帶有預(yù)裝軟件應(yīng)用的Windows筆記本電腦進(jìn)行操控。軟件功能包括對(duì)模擬系統(tǒng)的灌注、運(yùn)行和排

The Vascular Simulations Replicator duplicates the cardiac cycle with a functional left atrium and ventricle with mechanical mitral and aortic valves. The “blood flow” then passes through a silicone aorta with a compliance that recreates the clinical Windkessel effect resulting in pressure waveforms in the aorta of the replicator that are indistinguishable from the waveforms of a human aorta. The great vessels arising from the aortic arch and the cerebrovasculature can be prototyped from imaging studies of actual patients and their entire vascular anatomy and pathology can be recreated with silicone. Currently, any intracranial aneurysm can be recreated. Additional modules under development include intracranial occlusion to mimic acute stroke, carotid stenosis, intracranial arteriovenous malformations, abdominal aortic aneurysms and aortic and mitral stenosis.

A proprietary clear blood analog with a viscosity matching that of human blood duplicates the friction coefficients of endovascular devices, wires, and catheters as they traverse the vascular system.The blood analog fluid is automatically warmed up to body temperature(98.6 °F) by the Replicator. In addition, the cerebrovasculature is housed in a polyurethane “head” filled with a gel that mimics the compliance of the brain parenchyma. As a result, the passage of wires and catheters into the cerebrovasculature mimics the straightening of vessels as visualized clinically.The Replicator comes with a Windows laptop with a pre-installed software application that operates the Replicator via Bluetooth connectivity. Software functions include filling, running, and draining the Replicator, as well as controls to change the heart rate and mean blood flow rates to the Head and Body. The plots below show the flow waveforms recorded on the Replicator at different arterial sites.

The whole system can be placed in any fluoroscopic environment and imaging can be performed in any machine including biplane angiography systems. Standard fluoroscopy, roadmap imaging, digital subtraction angiography and rotational angiography can be performed with any contrast agent and acquisition sequences identical to real clinical cases can be obtained. “Artificial kidney” systems to remove contrast from the circulatory system are under development.

Identical Anatomy and Pathology

Unlike virtual simulators which are essentially glorified video games, the Vascular Simulations Replicator provides a realistic experience when performing endovascular procedures. The user interface is the angiographic environment in combination with any endovascular access product or device utilized to perform an actual clinical case. In addition, custom silicone vessels that duplicate the actual anatomy and pathology can be manufactured. For the first time, interventionalists will be able to practice a procedure with the identical vascular pathology they will ultimay treat clinically.